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Die 2. Zwischenzeit ist eine der dunklen Epochen des Alten Ägypten, über die unser Wissen immer noch eher dürftig ist. Viele Fragen werden sich letztendlich nicht klären lassen. Um so wichtiger sind die wenigen auswertbaren Quellen für diese Zeit, seien sie nun archäologischer oder epigraphischer Natur. Dieses Buch beschäftigt sich mit bestimmten inschriftlichen Quellen der 2. Zwischenzeit, den privaten biographischen Inschriften. Dies sind in der Regel Texte von Grabstelen, die im Rahmen des Toten- und Opferkultes ihre feste Funktion hatten. Der Leser eines solchen Grabtextes wurde dazu aufgefordert, bestimmte Kulthandlungen auszuführen. Begründet wurde der Anspruch darauf mit dem vorbildlichen Lebenswandel und den Leistungen des Protagonisten, die dann in der Inschrift mehr oder weniger ausführlich erläutert wurden. Der Ägypter wollte seinen Mitmenschen durch die „Veröffentlichung“ seines Lebens möglichst positiv und beispielhaft im Gedächtnis bleiben.Die biographischen Inschriften der 2. Zwischenzeit bieten eine Fülle an Informationen, durch die unser Wissen über die historischen, sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse in dieser Zeit erweitert werden kann.

Inscriptions, Egyptian. --- Egypt --- History --- Politics and government --- Officials and employees --- Autobiographie égyptienne ancienne

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Archaeologists --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Political aspects --- Israel. --- Officials and employees. --- Israel --- Israel --- Antiquities --- Political aspects. --- Politics and government

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Building on the latest research, Wolfram Grajetzki here looks in detail at the circle of officials that surrounded the king in the Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt (Eleventh to Thirteenth Dynasty, also including the Second Intermediate Period; c. 2040-1550 BC). Describing the history of the principal offices of state, he takes into account inscriptions, monuments and the few preserved tombs, and traces the careers of some individual officials. The holders of these offices were the men chosen by the king to be his close advisers. They received strings of important titles, and their monuments are among the finest works of art and architecture of the time. Over all the other officials and second only to the king stood the tjaty, or vizier, while alongside him and of only slightly lower status, the treasurer was in charge of the resources of the country. From the evidence for these men, a new, more precise image emerges of ancient Egyptian civilization in its monumental accomplishments and its daily operations. Court Officials of the Middle Kingdom is essential reading for all scholars and students of the period.

Egypt --- Egypte --- Égypte --- History --- Officials and employees. --- Politics and government --- Antiquities. --- Histoire --- Fonctionnaires --- Politique et gouvernement --- Antiquités --- Égypte --- Antiquités --- Court and courtiers --- Officials and employees --- Antiquities --- Civilization --- Egypt - History - Middle Kingdom, ca. 2180-ca. 1551 B.C. --- Egypt - Court and courtiers --- Egypt - History - To 332 B.C. --- Egypt - Officials and employees --- Egypt - Politics and government - To 332 B.C. --- Egypt - Antiquities --- Egypt - Civilization - To 332 B.C.

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Fires --- Watchmen --- Incendies --- Gardiens --- History --- Histoire --- Rome --- Officials and employees --- Army --- Fonctionnaires --- Armée --- Vigiles (Roman officials) --- Fire prevention --- History. --- -Fires --- -Vigiles (Roman officials) --- Fire fighters --- Police --- Buildings --- Conflagrations --- Fire losses --- Accidents --- Disasters --- Fire --- Fire safety --- Prevention of fires --- Fire protection engineering --- Public safety --- Insurance engineering --- Fires and fire prevention --- Prevention --- -Officials and employees --- -Registers. --- Registers. --- Vigiles (Roman officials). --- Armée --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- Fire prevention - Rome. --- Fires - Rome - History.

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Fasti consulares --- Roman provinces --- Fastes consulaires --- Provinces romaines --- Administration --- History --- Sources --- Histoire --- Narbonne Region (France) --- Narbonnaise --- Narbonne (France) --- -Rome --- -History --- -Sources --- Officials and employees --- -Registers --- Provinces --- -Administration --- Inscriptions, Latin --- Rome --- -Registers. --- -Sources. --- Fasti consulares. --- Provinces of Rome --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- Narbonne --- Narbonne (France) - - History - - Sources --- Rome - - Officials and employees - - Registers --- Rome - - Provinces - - Administration - - History - - Sources --- -Fasti consulares --- -Fasti consulares.